If Ob=obsv(A,C) has rank r <= n = SIZE(A,1), then there is a similarity transformation Tc such that To = [t1;t2] where t1 is c and t2 is orthogonal to t1
Abar = To \\ A * To , Bbar = To \\ B , Cbar = C * To
and the transformed system has the form
|Ao 0 | |Bo | Abar = |----------|, Bbar = |--- |, Cbar = [Co |0 ]. |A21 Ano| |Bno |
where (Ao,Bo) is observable, and Co(sI-Ao)^(-1)Bo = C(sI-A)^(-1)B. And system is detectable if Ano has no eigenvalues in the right half plane. The last output K is a vector of length n containing the number of observable states.
Package: control